Basic & useful Linux commands
Shuts down the operating system
halt
Shuts down & restarts the operating system
reboot
Clear the terminal
clear
Open the manual page
This command opens the manual page for the command or utility specified.
man ls
Find files or directory
find / -name grub.conf
But this search took several minutes to complete because we have to search all directories and sub directories. So we can specify the directory.
find /etc -name grub.conf
Read the files
cat grub.conf
Read few lines of file
head /etc/passwd
In default, The head command display top 10 lines of a file. But we can specify the number of lines.
head -n15 /etc/passwd
To display the last bottom lines of file, we have to use tail command.
tail /etc/passwd
Same like head command, we can specify the number of lines.
tail -n15 /etc/passwd
Copy content of a file
cp file1.txt file2.txt
The cp command take the contents of one file and place a copy with the same or different name in the directory of our choice.
Rename file
mv file1 file2
Search term through a file
grep 'vickey' /etc/passwd
Count the word
wc file1.txt
The command output will be in number of lines, number of words and number of character format. If we only need any one of them , use option -l for line numbers, -w for words and -c for characters.
wc -l file1.txt
Search and replace words
sed 's/Windows/Linux/' data.txt > newdata.txt
The above command find the first instance of Windows in each line from data.txt file and replace that text with Linux and save the whole content to newdata.txt file.
Find the users who currently logged in
who
Displays the environment variables
env
Get the user name of the currently logged-in user
whoami
Display Calender
cal
The cal command will display current month calendar. But we can also specify the year.
cal 2010
Get system date & time
date
Use calculator
bc
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